Moreno-Galarraga L, Liu JP, Ith I, Cunningham D, Corrado R, Lee JX, Sun BZ, Dahlberg SE, Gaffin JM. Health-related quality of life in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: examining agreement between child self-report and parent proxy. Eur J Pediatr. 2024 Nov 21;184(1):36. doi: 10.1007/s00431-024-05878-9. PMID: 39567397.

The authors examined agreement between child self-report and parent proxy report in school-aged children who had been premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Measures included PROMIS v1.0-Global Health-7, v1.0-Psychological Stress Experiences Short Form, and v2.0-Profile-25 in English and Spanish. Agreement between the child and proxy reports was moderate to poor, with the proxies (who were most often a mother) underestimating the child’s health-related quality of life. Agreement worsened for depression and psychological stress in older children in the sample. These findings suggest that examining both child self-report and parent proxy may be important.

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Hays RD, Rodriguez A, Qureshi N, Zeng C, Edelen MO. Support for a single underlying dimension of self-reported health in a sample of adults with low back pain in the United States. Appl Res Qual Life. 2024 Oct;19(5):2213-2226. doi: 10.1007/s11482-024-10327-8. Epub 2024 May 14. PMID: 39525287; PMCID: PMC11548887.

The authors examined the plausibility of an overall summary score of “whole-person health” in a sample of US adults with low back pain. Measures included the PROMIS-29 + 2 cognitive function items, the Personal Well-Being Index, PROMIS Social Isolation (4 items), and the EQ-5D-5L. One-factor, two-factor, three-factor, and bifactor models were evaluated (see paper for details). Only the bifactor model, which had a general health factor and physical health and mental health group factors, had an acceptable fit. These findings suggest the plausibility of a summary general health score and provide additional evidence that social health may not be a distinct dimension.

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Schultz EA, Gomez GI, Gardner MJ, Hu SS, Safran M, Amanatullah DF, Shapiro LM, Kamal RN. Does Discussing Patient-reported Outcome Measures Increase Pain Self-efficacy at an Orthopaedic Visit? A Prospective, Sequential, Comparative Series. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2024 Nov 22. doi: 10.1097/CORR.0000000000003325. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39589313.

The authors examined whether receiving a verbal explanation from the orthopaedic surgeon of the meaning of a score on the PROMIS Physical Function (PF) Short Form 10a altered pain self-efficacy from pre-visit to post-visit. In the standard care group, the PROMIS-PF score was not viewed or discussed by the surgeon. Of note, the authors appear to have used PROMIS-PF raw scores instead of the more standard T-scores. The authors did not identify a significant difference between the pain self-efficacy change scores between the groups. This is an intriguing question as we continue to try to understand the benefits of patient-reported outcome measures in clinical care and their optimal use. It is possible that discussion of physical function is not tightly coupled with confidence to complete activities despite pain. More robust discussion of scores and/or visual materials for interpretation may also be needed for clinical benefits to be observed.

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**Bonus article**

Bingham CO, Bartlett SJ. Using patient reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS®) measures in rheumatoid arthritis clinical care, research, and trials. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2024 Nov 8:152576. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152576. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39550310.

Highlighting this overview article on applications of PROMIS in rheumatoid arthritis by two members of the PHO Board of Directors.

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Huang Y, You J, Wang Q, Wen W, Yuan C. Trajectory and predictors of post-stroke depression among patients with newly diagnosed stroke: A prospective longitudinal study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2024 Oct 15:108092. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.108092. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39419243.

Huang et al. examined longitudinal trajectories of depression (measured using PROMIS Depression 8a) in 119 stroke patients with three time points of measurement (baseline, 3 months, and 6 months) after discharge from their initial stroke treatment. A linear growth curve model with two classes was selected: Class 1 (~40% of the sample) started out with moderate levels and decreased over time, and Class 2 (~60% of the sample) started out with high levels and increased over time. Membership in the Class 2 trajectory was associated with lower cognitive function but not social ability or physical function (all assessed using PROMIS measures).

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Aminpour E, Holzer KJ, Frumkin M, Rodebaugh TL, Jones C, Haroutounian S, Fritz BA. Preoperative predictors of acute postoperative anxiety and depression using ecological momentary assessments: a secondary analysis of a single-centre prospective observational study. Br J Anaesth. 2024 Oct 24:S0007-0912(24)00569-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2024.08.035. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39455306.

Aminpour et al. leveraged items from PROMIS anxiety and depression short forms for ecological momentary assessment (three time points of measurement daily). Specific items (versus the entire short forms) were used to increase feasibility of assessment. Dynamic structural equation modeling was used to examine person-level changes in anxiety and depression over the initial 30 days after major surgery. Worse preoperative PROMIS anxiety and depression scores (versus self-reported history of the condition) were more closely associated with worsening postoperative anxiety or depression.

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Becker SP, Burns GL, Montaño JJ, Servera M. Psychometric Examination of the PROMIS Parent Proxy Pediatric Sleep Measures from Early Childhood to Adolescence in a Nationally Representative Spanish Sample. Sleep. 2024 Sep 14:zsae215. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsae215. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39276369.

The authors examined the psychometric properties of the PROMIS parent proxy pediatric sleep measures (sleep disturbance, sleep-related impairment) in a nationally representative sample of children and adolescents aged 5-16 in Spain. Overall, the authors identified strong psychometric properties, including sex- and age-related invariance, and provided age-based norms.